Ibiyaga 6 bikomeye ku Isi biri kugenda byuma

Mu bihe byashize, ibiyaga byabaye igice cy’ingenzi mu buzima bw’abantu, inyamaswa n’ibinyabuzima bikikije isi. Nyamara, mu myaka ya vuba ishize, ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ndetse n’ibikorwa bya muntu birimo kwangiza cyangwa gukoresha nabi amazi, byateje ikibazo gikomeye, ibiyaga binini biri kugenda byuma mu yandi magambo amazi ari gukama.

1. Ikiyaga cya Poopó – Bolivia
Ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini muri Bolivia, giherereye ku butumburuke bwa metero 3,686 hejuru y’inyanja. Cyagize uruhare runini mu buzima bw’Abaturage b’Abasangwabutaka b’Urus-Muratos, ndetse n’inyamaswa zisaga 200. Ariko mu 2015, cyari cyarakamye burundu. Ibi byatewe n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe, El Niño ikaze, ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro no gukoresha amazi mu buhinzi. Uburyo amazi yacyo yinjiragamo bwaracitse, bituma amazi ahora atemba hanze ariko ntasubire mu kiyaga.

2. Inyanja ya Aral – Kazakhstan na Uzbekistan
Yahoze ari uruzi runini rwa kane ku isi. Gusa kuva mu myaka ya 1960, Leta y’Abasoviyeti yayoboraga amazi ajya mu kiyaga cya Syr Darya na Amu Darya iyashyira mu buhinzi. Ibi byatumye inyanja igabanukaho hejuru ya 90% kugeza mu 2014. Uburobyi bwarashize, imijyi ihakikije amazi yarahindutse umukungugu w’umunyu. Nubwo Kazakhstan yagize intambwe mu kuyisana, igice kinini kiri muri Uzbekistan ntikiragerwaho n’ubutabazi bwibanze.

3. Ikiyaga cya Mead – Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Ni ikiyaga kidasanzwe cyubatswe n’umuyoboro wa Hoover Dam, gifasha abaturage barenga miliyoni 25 mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwa Amerika. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2000 kugeza 2015, amazi yagabanutseho metero 37. ibintu byagize ingaruka k’ubuhinzi, umujyi wa Las Vegas n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bituma hakoreshwa amazi menshi kurusha ayinjira mu kiyaga. Leta ya Amerika yasinye amasezerano azamara imyaka itatu (2023–2026) yo kugabanya gukoresha amazi kugira ngo barinde iki kiyaga.

4. Ikiyaga cya Chad – Afurika yo Hagati
Giherereye hagati ya Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, na Niger. Cyigeze kuba kimwe mu binini ku mugabane wa Afurika. Gusa kuva mu myaka ya 1960, cyagabanutseho 90%. Ibura ry’imvura, kwaguka k’ubuhinzi bukoresha amazi menshi no guhagarikwa k’ubutabazi kubera imitwe y’iterabwoba nka Boko Haram byatumye gikomeza kwangirika amazi agakama. Hari icyizere gishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwerekana ko hari amazi menshi yihishe munsi y’ubutaka ashobora kwifashishwa mu gusubiza ubuzima iki kiyaga.

5. Ikiyaga cya Urmia – Iran
Umuzi w’ubuzima mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Iran, iki kiyaga cyari gifite ubuso bungana na km² 6,000 mu 1970. Gusa kuri ubu, gisigaye gifite munsi ya 10% by’amazi yacyo ya kera. Damming y’imigezi yacyo, imicungire mibi y’amazi n’ubuhinzi  byose byabigizemo uruhare. Guverinoma ya Iran yatangiye gahunda yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi ku kigero cya 40% ndetse no kuzamura urwego rw’amazi mu kiyaga.

6. Inyanja y’Umunyu (Dead Sea) – Israel na Jordan
Niho hantu hasi kurusha ahandi ku isi, hafi ya metero 430 munsi y’inyanja. Kuva mu myaka ya 1960, ibihugu bya Israel na Jordan byagiye bigabanya amazi yinjiraga muri iyi nyanja (Jordan River) kugira ngo bayakoreshe mu buhinzi no mu nganda. Ibi byatumye inyanja igabanukaho metero zirenga 30. Ubu amazi arimo kugabanuka ku muvuduko wa metero 1.2 buri mwaka. Hari umushinga wo kuzana amazi avuye ku nyanja itukura (Red Sea) ariko hari impungenge z’ingaruka ku bidukikije.

Ibiyaga bitandatu byavuzwe haruguru ntibigifite ubuzima nk’uko byahoze. Ahubwo bisigaye bifatwa nk’ibimenyetso bigaragara by’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere n’imicungire mibi y’umutungo kamere. Gukemura iki kibazo bisaba ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, imiyoborere myiza n’ibikorwa bifatika byo kurengera ibidukikije.